| Abstract |
Background. The topic of the article is relevant due to insufficient research on the development of Soviet medieval studies in the 1920s–1930s in Russian historiography. Published work of a general nature by O.L. Weinstein in 1968 on Soviet medieval studies (1917–1966) is largely ideologized and does not give a fully objective assessment of Soviet medieval studies of the period 1920–1930s. The modern works of Russian authors reflect various scientific aspects of the formation of Soviet medieval studies in the pre-war period. A special study of the general direction of development of Soviet medieval studies in this period in the context of the formation of historical education in the country will make it possible to better understand and evaluate the results and level of development of Soviet medieval studies in the pre-war era. Materials and methods. To accomplish this task with the help of a dialectical approach and the application of the method of analysis and synthesis, a study was carried out of the most important published works of domestic medievalists, the specified period and the organizational measures of the Bolshevik Party and the government of the USSR for the reorganization of historical science and historical education in the country. This technique made it possible to find out both the structural and sub-stantive restructuring in the field of history education, and to trace the themes and the results of studies of domestic medievalists of the period indicated above. Results. It was possible to determine the general direction and result of structural changes in the field of his-torical science and, in particular, in medieval studies, as well as the main directions of research by domestic authors, the preparation of new university textbooks and textbooks on the history of the Western European Middle Ages. Conclusions. Structural restructuring in Soviet historical science and the introduction of Marxist-Leninist methodology with its formational approach to world history gave a significant impetus to the development of problems of socio-economic history, the identification of the concepts of “Middle Ages” and “feudalism”, which began to be considered a universal stage in the history of mankind. A significant place in the research of Soviet authors was occupied by questions of the class struggle in the Middle Ages. The foundations of the school of Soviet urbanists, agrarian history, Byzantine studies, and others were laid. In many respects, these and some other successes of Russian medieval studies in the 1920–1930s were achieved due to the scientific activity of the former medieval historians of tsarist Russia.
|
| References |
1. Vaynshteyn O.L. Istoriya sovetskoy medievistiki. 1917–1966 = History of Soviet medieval studies. 1917–1966. Leningrad: Nauka, 1968:424. (In Russ.)
2. Klyuev A.I., Sveshnikov A.V. The main approaches to the study of the history of Rus-sian medieval studies of the 1920s–1940s. Vestnik Omskogo gosudarstvennogo univer-siteta = Bulletin of Omsk State University. 2013;(3):57–62. (In Russ.)
3. Neusykhin A.I. Obshchestvennyy stroy drevnikh germantsev = The social structure of the ancient Germans. Moscow: RANION, 1929:229. (In Russ.)
4. Rozenberg A.M. Criticism of the latest German theory on the genesis of the monarchy of Charles V. Trudy Pervoy Vsesoyuznoy konferentsii istorikov-marksistov: v 2 t. = Pro-ceedings of the First All-Union Conference of Marxist Historians: in 2 volumes. Mos-cow: Komakademiya, 1930;2:232–263. (In Russ.)
5. Vasil'ev A.A. Istoriya Vizantii: v 4 t. = History of Byzantium: in 4 volumes. Petrograd; Leningrad: Academia, 1917–1925. I. 1917:355, II. 1923:120, III. 1923:76, IV. 1925: 143. (In Russ.)
6. Dzhivilegov A.K. Krest'yanskie dvizheniya v srednie veka = Peasant movements in the Middle Ages. 3rd ed. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1924:190. (In Russ.)
7. Lozinskiy S.G. Srednevekovye rostovshchiki. Stranitsy iz ekonomicheskoy istorii tserkvi v srednie veka = Medieval usurers. Pages from the economic history of the church in the middle ages. Petrograd: Seyatel', 1923:158. (In Russ.)
8. Lozovik G. Ten years of Russian Byzantology (1917–1927). Istorik marksist = Histo-rian Marxist. 1928;(7):228–238. (In Russ.)
9. Lenglend U. Videnie Uill'yama o Petre Pakhare: per., vstup. st. i prim. D.N. Petru-shevskogo = William’s vision of Peter Pahar: translated. Moscow; Leningrad: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1941:276. (In Russ.)
10. Popov-Lenskiy I.L. On the issue of fencing land in England in the first half of the 17th century. Uchenye zapiski Instituta istorii RANION. Vyp. 3 = Proceedings of Insitute of history RANION. Edition 3. Moscow: In-t istorii, 1929:294–305. (In Russ.)
11. Pamyatniki istorii Anglii XI–XIII vv.: per. i vved. akad. D.M. Petrushevskogo = Monu-ments of the history of England of the 11th – 13th centuries: translation and introduction by the academician D.M. Petrushevsky. Moscow: Sotsekgiz, 1936:238. (In Russ.)
12. Petrushevskiy D.M. Ocherki iz ekonomicheskoy istorii srednevekovoy Evropy = Essays from the Economic History of Medieval Europe. Moscow; Leningrad: Gosizdat, 1928: 323. (In Russ.)
13. Petrushevskiy D.M. Ocherki iz istorii srednevekovogo obshchestva i gosudarstva = Essays from the history of medieval society and state. 5th ed., rev. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1922:298. (In Russ.)
14. Petrushevskiy D.M. Ocherki iz istorii angliyskogo gosudarstva i obshchestva v srednie veka (V–XIII vv.) = Essays on the history of the English state and society in the Middle Ages (5–13 centuries). 4th ed., rev. and suppl. Moscow: Sotsegiz, 1937:224. (In Russ.)
15. Kosminskiy E.A., Udal'tsov A.D. (eds.). Sotsial'naya istoriya srednevekov'ya: v 2 t. = Social history of the Middle Ages: in 2 volumes. Moscow; Leningrad: Gos. izd-vo, 1927;1:254, 2:439. (In Russ.)
16. Volgin V.P. (ed.). Khrestomatiya po sotsial'no-ekonomicheskoy istorii Evropy v novoe i noveyshee vremya = Reader on the socio-economic history of Europe in modern and contemporary times. Moscow; Leningrad: Gos. izd-vo, 1929:551. (In Russ.)
17. Dobiash-Rozhdestvenskaya O.A., Khomentovskaya A.I., Fedotov G.P. (eds.). Sred-nevekovyy byt: sb. st. = Medieval life: collected articles. Leningrad: Vremya, 1925:280. (In Russ.)
18. Dobiash-Rozhdestvenskaya O.A. On the Unnoticed (Towards the Public Library’s cata-log of the oldest Latin manuscripts). Srednevekov'e v rukopisyakh Publichnoy biblioteki. Vyp. 2 = The Middle Ages in the manuscripts of the Public Library. Edition 2. Lenin-grad: GPB, 1927:3–60. (In Russ.)
19. Gukovskiy M.A. Italian encyclopedias of the 13th – 16th centuries. Trudy Instituta knigi, dokumenta i pis'ma: v 2 t. = Proceedings of Institute of book, document and writing: in 2 volumes. Leningrad, 1932:2:43–64. (In Russ.)
20. Irlandskie sagi: per., predisl. vstupit. st. i komment. A.A. Smirnova = Irish sagas: trans-lation, preface and commentary by A.A. Smirnova. 2nd ed., rev. Moscow; Leningrad: Academia, 1933:369. (In Russ.)
21. Dzhivilegov A.K. Nikolo Makiavelli. Sochineniya = Essays. Moscow: Academia, 1934: 503. (In Russ.)
22. Dzhivilegov A.K. Franchesko Gvichchardini. Sochineniya = Essays. Moscow: Acade-mia, 1934:547. (In Russ.)
23. Udal'tsov A.D. Iz agrarnoy istorii Karolingskoy Flandrii = From the agrarian history of Carolingian Flanders. Moscow; Leningrad: OGIZ: Sotsekgiz, 1935:100. (In Russ.)
24. Gratsianskiy N.P. Burgundskaya derevnya v X–XII stoletiyakh = Burgundy village in the 10th – 12th centuries. Moscow; Leningrad: OGIZ: Gos. sotsial'no-ekonomicheskoe izd-vo, 1935:257. (In Russ.)
25. Kosminskiy E.A. Angliyskaya derevnya v XIII veke = English village in the 13th century. Moscow; Leningrad: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1935:279. (In Russ.)
26. Arkhangel'skiy S.I. Agrarnoe zakonodatel'stvo Velikoy angliyskoy revolyutsii. 1643–1648: v 2 ch. = Agrarian legislation of the Great English Revolution. 1643–1648: in 2 parts. Moscow; Leningrad: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1935;I:302. (In Russ.)
27. Stoklitskaya-Tereshkovich V.V. Nemetskie podmaster'ya XIV–XV vv. = German ap-prentices of the 14th – 15th centuries. Moscow: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1933:58. (In Russ.)
28. Stoklitskaya-Tereshkovich V.V. Ocherki po sotsial'noy istorii nemetskogo goroda v XIV–XV vv. = Essays on the social history of the German city in the 14th – 15th centu-ries. Moscow: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1936:343. (In Russ.)
29. Dobiash-Rozhdestvenskaya O.A. Agrikul'tura v pamyatnikakh Zapadnogo sredne-vekov'ya: per. i komment. pod red. prof. O.A. Dobiash-Rozhdestvenskoy i prof. M.I. Burskogo = Agriculture in the monuments of the Western Middle Ages: translated, commented and revised by professor O.A. Dobiash-Rozhdestvensy and professor M.I. Bursky. Moscow; Leningrad: Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, 1936:364. (In Russ.)
30. Skrizhinskaya E.Ch. Technique of the Western European Middle Ages. Ocherki istorii i tekhniki dokapitalisticheskikh formatsiy = Essays on the history and technology of pre-capitalist formations. Moscow; Leningrad, 1936:207–343. (In Russ.)
31. Gratsianskiy N.P From the history of agricultural machinery in France during the feudal period. From the history of Western European feudalism = From the history of Western European feudalism. Moscow; Leningrad: Sotsegiz, 1934:132. (In Russ.)
32. Udal'tsov A.D. The clan structure of the ancient Germans. Ocherki istorii i tekhniki dokapitalisticheskikh formatsiy = Essays on the history and technology of pre-capitalist formations. Moscow; Leningrad, 1936:7–26. (In Russ.)
33. Kudryavtsev A.K. Ispaniya v srednie veka = Spain in the middle ages. Leningrad: Sotsegiz, 1937:256. (In Russ.)
34. Anninskiy S.A. (comp.). Akty Kremony X–XIII vekov = Acts of Cremona 10th – 13th cen-turies. Moscow; Leningrad: Akademkniga, 1937:381. (In Russ.)
35. Latviyskiy G. Khronika Livonii: vved., per. i komment. S.A. Anninskogo; predisl. V.A. Bystryanskogo = Chronicle of Livonia: introduction, translation and commentaries by S.A. Anninsky; preface by V.A. Bystryansky. 1nd ed. Moscow; Leningrad: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1938:608. (In Russ.)
36. Nemetskiy gorod XIV–XV vv.: sb. materialov: vvod. st., podbor materiala, per., pril. i komment. V.V. Stoklitskoy-Tereshkovich = German city in the 14th – 15th centuries: col-lected articles: introduction, materials, translation, addition and commentaries by V.V. Stoklitskaya-Tereshkovich. Moscow: Sotsekgiz, 1936:176. (In Russ.)
37. Kosminskiy E.A. Istoriya srednikh vekov (zapadnaya Evropa v III–XVI vv.) = History of the Middle Ages (Eastern Europe in the 3rd – 16th centuries). Moscow: MGU, 1936: 130–166. (In Russ.)
38. Kosminskiy E.A. Lektsii po istorii srednikh vekov = Lectures on the history of the Mid-dle Ages. Moscow: Uchpedgiz, 1938:479. (In Russ.)
39. Arkhangel'skiy S.I. Istoriya srednikh vekov: uchebnik = History of the Middle Ages: textbook. Gorkiy: Gor'kovskiy pedagogicheskiy in-t, 1937:414. (In Russ.)
40. Vaynshteyn O.L. Lektsii po istorii srednikh vekov = Lectures on the history of the Mid-dle Ages. Leningrad: LGU, 1936:126. (In Russ.)
41. Udal'tsov A.D., Kosminskiy A.E., Vaynshteyn O.L. (eds.). Istoriya srednikh vekov: v 2 t. = History of the Middle Ages: in 2 volumes. Moscow: AN SSSR, 1938;1:589. (In Russ.)
42. Skazkin S.D., Vaynshteyn O.L. (eds.). Istoriya srednikh vekov: v 2 t. = History of the Middle Ages: in 2 volumes. Moscow: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1939;2:559. (In Russ.)
43. Vaynshteyn O.L. Istoriografiya srednikh vekov v svyazi s razvitiem istoricheskoy mysli ot nachala srednikh vekov do nashikh dney: ucheb. dlya istoricheskikh fakul'tetov gosu-darstvennykh universitetov i pedagogicheskikh institutov = Historiography of the Mid-dle Ages in connection with the development of historical thought from the beginning of the Middle Ages to the present day: a textbook for the history departments of state uni-versities and pedagogical institutes. Moscow; Leningrad, 1940:375. (In Russ.)
44. Pirenn A. Srednevekovye goroda Bel'gii: per. s fr. = Medieval cities of Belgium: trans-lated from French. Moscow: Sotsekgiz, 1937:548. (In Russ.)
45. T'erri O. The experience of the history of the origin and success of the third estate. Izbrannye sochineniya: per. s fr. = Selected works: translated from French. Moscow: Sotsekgiz, 1937:1–204. (In Russ.)
46. Arkhangel'skiy S.I. Agrarnoe zakonodatel'stvo Angliyskoy revolyutsii 1649–1660 gg. = Agrarian legislation of the English Revolution of 1649–1660. Moscow; Leningrad: Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, 1940:276. (In Russ.)
|
